Importance of the disease distribution occurrence of chickpea wilt has been reported almost all over the world but it was first described in india butler, 1918. An annual loss in chickpea grain yield of about 10 to 15% has been reported for this disease 8. Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea cicer. Nov 22, 2019 establishment of the chickpea wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. Integrated chickpea diseases management for fusarium wilt and. Diseases of chickpea, lentil, pigeon pea, and tepary bean. Currently the disease is prevalent in several countries. Lines that appear promising are tested every year at a large number of locations through a worldwide network of cooperating institutions. Genetics of chickpea resistance to five races of fusarium.
Fusarium wilt of chickpea is a monocyclic disease in which development is driven by the pathogens primary inoculum. This also applies to wilt in chickpea has also solh, communication. Cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the pathogen break down the host cell walls to form gels that block the plants transport systems and cause yellowing and wilting symptoms. The plant has a branched, straight or bending stem with small feathery leaves arranged alternately on the stem.
Leaves turned to yellow, drying and ultimately shedding of leaves. Fusarium wilt chickpea wilt occurs in 32 countries across 6 continents 15. The disease has been reported from 35 countries across 6 continents and as recently seen in australia and canada, it can spread rapidly to new areas of chickpea production. Chickpea crop is affected by several diseases but wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. Fusarium wilt is a destructive and widespread disease of chickpea caused by fusarium oxysporum f. Common diseases in chickpeas northern pulse growers association. Field diagnosis of chickpea diseases and their control. Thus, the wilt complex to be a potential disease in the zones.
Identification and characterization of wilt and salt stress. Morphological and metabolic characterization of wilt. Current status of wiltroot rot diseases in major chickpea. This disease was first reported in india by butler in 1918, but its etiology was not correctly determined until 1940 by padwick 16. Survey of chickpea wilt marathwada region of maharashtra. Chickpea plants showing typical wilt symptoms, drooping of the petioles and rachis, along with leaflets. Fourteendayold seedlings were subjected to the wilt and salt stresses separately. As the fungus is seedborne, it is important to use seed from diseasefree fields. The fungus infects chickpeas via the roots and moves throughout the hosts vascular system. Fusarium wilt is the other major disease of chickpea and, like ascochyta blight, causes economic damage in a large number of producing countries. Oct 08, 2014 the chickpea cultivar icc4958 was used throughout the study.
The effect of agnps on seed germination and soil community was also evaluated. Chudasama and others published integrated management of wilt disease in chickpea find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. A high level of resistance in chickpea genotypes against fusarium wilt disease has been studied 3842. Chickpea gram pea diseases and pests, description, uses. We transformed foc race 2 using green fluorescent protein gfp gene and used it to characterize. A 2year experiment was conducted at wilt sick plot infested with natural occurring fusarium oxysporum f. The leaves are composed of 1115 individual leaflets which are oval in shape.
Soil application of biocontrol agents checked the severity of wilt by 25%56% and 39%67% and increased the yield of chickpea by 12%28% and 8%24% in the two years. Fusarium wilt, caused by fusarium oxysporum schlechtendfr. Although the disease is the mentioned as a disease until et al. Evaluation of chickpea varieties and fungicides for the. Haryana agricultural university, hisar125004, india abstract chickpea cicer arietinum l, wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. This pathogen can cause severe yield losses of up to 60%. Common diseases in chickpeas northern pulse growers. Keywords chickpea wilt disease molecular markers roc curve analysis background chickpea cicer arietinum l. If we cut stem cross sectionaly the water movement portion gets turned to black. In addition, 122 chickpea accessions with less than 10% wilt for at least two seasons have been identified in the disease nurseries. But identification and evaluation of chickpea wilt resistant lines against f. In extreme cases, the disease can cause up to 100% crop loss navascortes et al. The disease can cause grain yield and quality losses up to 100%. Integrated chickpea diseases management for fusarium wilt.
Fusarium wilt epidemics cause significant annual losses of chickpea yields which, account for 10 to 15% of the total yield and sometimes escalate to 100% under conditions favorable for disease navascortes et al. Selection of molecular markers associated with resistance. Diseases of chickpea, lentil, pigeon pea, and tepary bean in continental united states and puerto rico1 walter j. Leaves droop, appear pale, plants collapse and lie flat on ground. Plant disease april 2005 385 385 genetics of chickpea resistance to five races of fusarium wilt and a concise set of race differentials for fusarium oxysporum f. Ascochyta blight can impact a chickpea crop with up to 90% yield loss in kabuli and 50% yield loss in desi chickpeas. Genotype selection was based on disease severity in chickpea following inoculation.
The primary method of controlling the disease is to use resistant varieties. Phytotoxins and their role in development of fusarium wilt in. Ascochyta blight can also affect seed quality resulting in lower grades. These symptoms suggest that phytotoxins are involved in the fusarium wilt disease of chickpea. Pathogenicity and management of fusarium wilt of chickpea. In ethiopia, about 30% yield loss of chickpea due to.
In central ethiopia, fusarium wilt was reported to cause a. In some cases there may be leaf vein clearing before wilt begins. Fusarium wilt is a serious disease of chickpea in india, iran, pakistan, nepal, burma, spain, tunisia and mexico. A total of 40 unrelated genotypes of chickpea were classified into two distinct phenotypic groups as resistant or susceptible to f. Integrated chickpea diseases management for fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight gezahegne getaneh phd student supervisors. It has been observed in morocco, algeria, and syria. Identification and characterization of wilt and salt. Chickpea cicer arietinum is one of the worlds major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease incited by fusarium oxysporum f. Management of chickpea wilt caused by fusarium oxysporium f. It is a soil and seedborne disease caused by different races of the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. Management of wilt disease of chickpea in vivo by silver.
Management of wilt and root rot of chickpea caused by. In 1978, for example, 63 promising lines were sent for. Understanding the molecular basis of chickpea foc interaction is necessary to improve chickpea resistance to foc and thereby the productivity of chickpea. Diseases of chickpea, lentil, pigeon pea, and tepary bean in. Marker assisted selection mas for chickpea fusarium. Chickpea foliage develops a greyishgreen chlorosis, typically affecting lower leaves first and extending up the plant. Mar 24, 2007 chickpea wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. Muehlbauer, usdaars grain legume genetics and physiol ogy unit, washington state university, pullman 991646434. The disease causes 1090% yield losses annually in chickpea. Wilt diseases in woody plants tend to fall into two major categories, those that start. Losses may also be reduced by fungicide applications shugha et al. The disease is highly destructive and worldwide in occurrence kraft et al. Drooping is initially visible in the upper parts of the plant, but within 2448 hours the whole plant is affected. Pdf wilt of chickpea, pigeon pea and lentil janjit.
With color photographs, is available online at info. International crops research institute for the semiarid tropics. Wilt and root rot are the common and frequently occurring diseases of chickpea and causes considerable yield loss haware et al. Breeding for dual resistance to ascochyta and wilt. Jul 14, 2014 a high level of resistance in chickpea genotypes against fusarium wilt disease has been studied 3842. Wilt disease of chickpea caused by the diminish pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. It has been reported from almost all chickpea growing areas of the world including the indian subcontinent. Significance and management of chickpea wiltroot rot and. Chickpea wilt complex, an important disease of chickpea, was effectively controlled by a biological agent trichoderma harzianum and its integration with fungicides kaur and mukhopadhyay 1992. The results obtained on wilt disease incidence are presented in the tables 3 and 4.
Understanding the molecular basis of chickpeafoc interaction is necessary to improve chickpea resistance to foc and thereby the productivity of chickpea. Fusarial wilt is the most destructive disease and is prevalent in all chickpea growing areas in india. Icc4958 is a fusarium wiltresistant and saltsensitive chickpea cultivar. Selection of molecular markers associated with resistance to. The chickpea, cicer arietinum, is a leguminous annual plant in the family fabaceae grown for its edible seeds. Morphological and metabolic characterization of wilt disease. Sato, is one of the most important biotic stresses of chickpea cicer arietinum l.
A wilt disease is any number of diseases that affect the vascular system of plants. Integrated application of trichoderma harzianum mutants and carbendazim to manage chickpea wilt fusarium oxysporum f. Chlorosis and wilting are common symptoms on the chickpea plants infected with fusarium sp. Distortion mosaic chickpea distortion mosaic virus. The disease is very aggressive and can spread quickly in a field once established. Kaiser2 the leguminosae pea or bean family are composed of some 690 genera and 18,000 species purseglove, 1968. The plants of the icc4958 cultivar were grown on a 16h day8h night photoperiod cycle at 252c. Evaluation of chickpea genotypes for resistance to. Fusarium wilt of chickpea, caused by the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. Dynamics of colonization and expression of pathogenicity.
Therefore, management of the disease should be targeted to exclusion of the pathogen as well as by reducing the amount andor efficiency of the initial inoculum. Control of chickpea wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. Chickpea genotypes grouped on the basis of wilt incidence under field screening during 200304 and 200405, rars, nepalgunj, nepal. Number of wilt incidence disease genotypes entries % reaction1. Breeding for dual resistance to ascochyta and wilt diseases. Significance and management of chickpea wiltroot rot and future prospects in ethiopia. Internally, the xylem tissues stain darkbrown to almost black. The chickpea cultivar icc4958 was used throughout the study. It is the second largest family of seed plants following the gramineae aykroyd and doughty, 1964. Ascochyta blight is the number one disease impacting chickpeas. During rabi 2014, average incidence table 3 of wilt on chickpea cultivars varieties ranged from 11. Pdf integrated management of wilt disease in chickpea. Attacks by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes can cause rapid killing of plants, large tree branches or even entire trees.